Two real, published enforcement settlements, lined up. Every figure below is public record; the head-to-head is computed at build time over those real numbers. Penalty bars share one log scale, so they read across the gutter.
A pipe under a coal-ash pond let go into a drinking-water river.
Duke Energy subsidiaries pleaded guilty to nine Clean Water Act violations across North Carolina plants and paid $102 million in fines, restitution, and community service after the 2014 Dan River release.
Source: U.S. DOJ, 2015
Defeat devices that cheated emissions tests on ~580,000 U.S. diesels.
The October 2016 partial settlement totaled about $14.7 billion, including a $2.7 billion environmental mitigation trust and $2 billion for zero-emission-vehicle investment. A separate 2017 resolution added a $1.45 billion Clean Air Act and customs civil penalty on top of criminal fines.
Source: U.S. DOJ / EPA / CARB consent decrees, 2016-2017
| Field | Duke Energy | Volkswagen AG |
|---|---|---|
| Program | Clean Water Act | Clean Air Act |
| Operator | Duke Energy | Volkswagen AG |
| Location | North Carolina | Nationwide (imported vehicles) |
| Year | 2015 | 2016 |
| Settlement / penalty | $102 million | $14.7 billion |
| Source | U.S. DOJ, 2015 | U.S. DOJ / EPA / CARB consent decrees, 2016-2017 |
⇆ Swap sides · All cases & states
These are landmark settlements, not live ECHO facility records. Day-to-day
compliance metrics - quarters in noncompliance, formal-action counts, last inspection -
are not part of a settlement figure; they join per facility from the ECHO Exporter
(loadFacilities() in src/lib/source.ts). See the
Methodology for what is real versus illustrative on this site.